PDA

View Full Version : Specialized Technique Part I (Deep Fascia)



dcopeland
02-22-2009, 01:31 PM
Most significant surgical procedures involve work around fascia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia). Fascia is a fibrous sheet that envelops the body under the skin. The sheet invests the muscles and in some cases functions to limit the spread of pus and extravasation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravasation) during infection. Two main types of fascia in the body. The superficial fascia (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/superficial+fascia) is a loose connective tissue between the dermis and the investing fascia. A superficial adipose tissue layer and membranous layer composes the SF. The deep fascia is a sheet of fibrous tissue that invests the muscles and aids in supporting them by serving as an elastic sheath.

Relevant to bodybuilders who suffer from gynecomastia (http://www.cosmetic-md.com/gynecomastia/adults) (most frequently grade I - IIa (http://www.cosmetic-md.com/gynecomastia/bodybuilders)), the DF (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/deep+fascia) (deep fascia) is the layer that must remain undesturbed. Bodybuilders seldom have significant adipose tissue distribution under the NAC (nipple areola complex). Corrective surgery (http://www.cosmetic-md.com/video-3) must be aimed at directly excising the fibroglandular tissue whith an emphisis on maintaing the integrity of the DP investing the pectoral.

Fasciae of the Pectoral (http://www.fitstep.com/Advanced/Anatomy/Graphics/pectoralis-major-anatomy.gif)

The chest (http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcimagenetwork.com/muscle/p10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcimagenetwork.com/muscle/p10.html&h=534&w=360&sz=34&tbnid=jt7JlXU7t_6EjM::&tbnh=132&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbodybuilder%2Bchest&hl=en&usg=__mvjQZPClq2WvyRrPZ1bsJ9l4Z78=&ei=G5ihSZ-BLYvltgecuOGrCg&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=2&ct=image&cd=1) region is an apex aesthetic point for the champion bodybuilder (http://z.hubpages.com/u/140176_f260.jpg). It demands visual attention, and serves as a focal point for evaluating the symetery of the shoulders, and limbs. The components of the chest that are hidden under the skin are no less remarkable.

The clavipectoral fascia extends between the coracoid process, clavicle and thoracic wall. It envelopes the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles. The components are: the costocoracoid ligament, the costocoracoid membrane, and the suspensory ligament of the axilla.

The costocoracoid membrane covers the deltopectoral triangle and an interval between the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles. (Vanation and inerveation by cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, and lateral pectoral nerve)

Pectoral fascia covers the pectoralis major muscle. It is attached to the sternum and clavicle. It is continous with the asillary fascia.

Axillary fascia is continous anteriorly with the pectoral and clavipectoral fasciae, laterally with the brachial fascia, and posteromedially with the fascia over the latissimus dorsi.

Axillary sheath is a fascial prolongation of the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia into the axilla. It encloses the axillary vessels and the brachial plexus.