you cant control the amount of REM sleep you have through nutrition. the only way to manipulate REM sleep is to deprive yourself of REM sleep, then when you are allowed to reach REM sleep after the deprivation you will stay in it longer. seems like people in here are either correlating a good night sleep with increased REM sleep or arent answering the question.
Actually a few things can affect REM positively though I do have to agree with you that pure nutrition may not be an answer in itself. One key is GABA receptors though more studies need to be evaluated.
J Pharmacol Sci. (javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'J Pharmacol Sci.');) 2009 Apr;109(4):518-24. Epub 2009 Apr 7.
The effect of baclofen on alterations in the sleep patterns induced by different stressors in rats.
Cui R (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Cui%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Li B (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Li%20B%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Suemaru K (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Suemaru%20K%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Araki H (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Araki%20H%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus).
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Brain Science, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
We have previously reported that sleep patterns are significantly affected by both physical and psychological stress induced by a communication box; however, the mechanism by which stress alters sleep patterns was not established. In the present study, we investigated the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acting through the GABA(B) receptor, on stress-induced changes in sleep patterns. Our results show that physical stress increased the total wakefulness time by increasing sleep latency and inhibiting both rapid eye movement (REM) and non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep during a 6 h sleep-recording period. The GABA(B) agonist baclofen (20 pmol/2 mul) attenuated the effects of physical stress on sleep latency, total wakefulness, and NREM sleep, but not total REM sleep. In contrast, psychological stress enhanced total REM sleep and shortened REM sleep latency without altering other sleep patterns. The effect of psychological stress on total REM sleep was also reversed by baclofen. These results suggest that GABA via GABA(B) receptors may play a role in the regulation of specific sleep patterns by both physical and psychological stress.
Eur J Pharmacol. (javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Eur J Pharmacol.');) 2009 Apr 18.
IL-6-trans-signalling increases rapid-eye-movement sleep in rats.
May U (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22May%20U%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Schiffelholz T (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Schiffelholz%20T%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Baier PC (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Baier%20PC%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Krueger JM (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Krueger%20JM%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Rose-John S (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Rose-John%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Scheller J (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Scheller%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus).
Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine of the gp130-signalling-family, plays an important role in immediate immunological functions, in metabolism and in the central nervous system. IL-6- signalling is mediated by classic-signalling via the membrane bound IL-6 receptor or by IL-6-trans-signalling via the soluble IL-6 receptor. Whereas the receptor subunit gp130 is ubiquitously expressed within the body, IL-6 receptor expression is restricted to distinct cell populations. Within the brain parenchyma the IL-6 receptor is sparsely expressed, and therefore the brain is mostly dependent on IL-6-trans-signalling in its reponse to IL-6. Recently we have shown that IL-6-trans-signalling but not classic-signalling plays a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of chronic inflammation and cancer, whereas its role in sleep regulation has not been studied so far. We reasoned that the IL-6-trans-signalling mimetic Hyper-IL-6 which in contrast to IL-6 alone can activate almost all cells of the brain might have a profound effect on sleep regulation and performed sleep recordings with rats injected with recombinant Hyper-IL-6. In the present study, the i.c.v. administration of the designer cytokine Hyper-IL-6 into rats at dark onset increased the amount of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM sleep) but did not affect non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (non-REM sleep). Our data define a new role of IL-6-trans-signalling in sleep regulation.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). (javascript:AL_get(this, 'jour', 'Psychopharmacology (Berl).');) 2009 Apr 16.
Influence of the novel antidepressant and melatonin agonist/serotonin2C receptor antagonist, agomelatine, on the rat sleep-wake cycle architecture.
Descamps A (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Descamps%20A%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Rousset C (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Rousset%20C%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Millan M (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Millan%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Spedding M (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Spedding%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Delagrange P (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Delagrange%20P%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus), Cespuglio R (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Cespuglio%20R%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsP anel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus).
Claude Bernard University, Lyon, EA4170, France,
[email protected].
RATIONALE: The novel antidepressant, agomelatine, behaves as an agonist at melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin (5-HT)(2C) receptors. In animal models and clinical trials, agomelatine displays antidepressant properties and re-synchronizes disrupted circadian rhythms. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to compare the influence of agomelatine upon sleep-wake states to the selective melatonin agonists, melatonin and ramelteon, and to the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist, S32006. METHODS: Rats were administered with vehicle, agomelatine, ramelteon, melatonin, or S32006, at the onset of either dark or light periods. Polygraphic recordings were performed and changes determined over 24 h, i.e., number and duration of sleep-wake episodes, latencies to rapid eye movement (REM) and slow-wave (SWS) sleep, power band spectra of the electroencephalogram (EEG), and circadian changes. RESULTS: Administered at light phase onset, no changes were induced by agomelatine. In contrast, administered shortly before dark phase, agomelatine (10 and 40 mg/kg, per os) enhanced duration of REM and SWS sleep and decreased wake state for 3 h. Melatonin (10 mg/kg, per os) induced a transient enhancement in REM sleep followed by a reduction in REM and SWS sleep and an increase in waking. Ramelteon (10 mg/kg, per os) provoked a transient increase in REM sleep. Finally, S32006 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), administered at dark phase onset, mimicked the increased SWS provoked by agomelatine, yet diminished REM sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Agomelatine possesses a distinctive EEG profile compared with melatonin, ramelteon, and S32006, possibly reflecting co-joint agonist and antagonist properties at MT(1)/MT(2) and 5-HT(2C) receptors, respectively.