Sistersteel
04-13-2009, 02:52 AM
Anorexia
This section describes anorexia in a way that will be of interest both to someone suffering from anorexia and to those people who know someone who suffers. If you think that YOU may have anorexia, reading this page, will help you to understand what anorexia is all about.
What is it?
In simple terms, people with anorexia starve themselves to lose weight. The term 'Anorexia Nervosa' actually means 'appetite loss of nervous origins', indicating that this low food intake does not have a physical cause, but is due to emotional or psychological factors. Anorexia is associated with feelings and behaviours that are related to a fear of becoming 'fat' or 'overweight'. A person with anorexia is likely to have a distorted body image, fear of food in relation to its ability to create fatness, and an intense fear of being a normal body weight. Anorexic behaviours include eating only a minimal amount of food, 'burning up' calories by exercising, avoiding eating situations, or purging to reduce the amount of food digested.
It's important to understand that people with anorexia have not just lost their appetite. In fact, they may be very hungry indeed. An individual may think about food all the time and may even want to be close to it. Yet, in spite of feeling hungry, a person suffering from anorexia often has a great fear of allowing themselves to eat normally.
It is often difficult for people suffering from anorexia - and others - to understand that anorexic behaviour is not actually about food at all. The driving force behind anorexia is a deep anxiety that life is out of control - and a person may turn to the control of food and weight to gain some sense of control over his or her life. So anorexic behaviour is really an attempt to gain control over some aspect of an individuals' life, through control over food and eating. Although food is an important issue, like all eating disorders, anorexia is actually all about feelings and emotions
Why women?
Anorexia is predominantly a female condition (about 3% of women suffer from anorexia) - only one in every 50 sufferers are male. (For the sake of clarity only, we will refer to individuals in the rest of this page as female - although this is not always the case.) It typically begins in the adolescent girl at or just after puberty, although it can start at any age, even in pre-pubescent children. You may wonder why more women suffer from anorexia than do men? Well, anorexia can be thought of as a symptom of a distorted body image. By 'body image' we mean the way that we see our own bodies, which may be very different to the way that others see us, as our own body image is often different from the actual size and shape of our body. Generally, women are put under a lot more social pressure than are men in respect of their physical appearance, so a womans' body image can play a large role in determining her own sense of well-being.
In many modern societies, a primary ideal attribute for a woman is that of being 'thin'. Thin is seen as being 'beautiful' - and beautiful is seen as being 'good'. Consequently women - and particularly young women - driven by images used in the media, often use their own weight as a measure of their own self worth and attractiveness. Commonly, as a result of being unable to meet this unrealistic 'ideal', the individual female may end up feeling fat and inadequate. In turn, repeated failed attempts to meet the ideal criteria for physical appearance can lead to physical, psychological and behavioural problems, including binge eating, obsessions about food and eating disorders such as anorexia.
What happens
Typically a young person, most usually female, feels overweight. This may be because she is overweight, has gained a little more weight than average at puberty, or has slim friends with whom she compares herself. She decides to go on a diet - this may be triggered by something like a comment by a friend. The diet may go well at first, giving the young person a real sense of achievement at an otherwise insecure time of life. There may be approval from friends or family members, which is a positive form of attention. It's important to note that a person with anorexia did not start dieting with the intention of starving herself. She just may have felt that her life would be better if she lost a few pounds - which it may be for a while. However, with anorexia, at some point in the diet there is a subtle psychological change - which is not experienced by normal dieters - and dieting becomes more intense as the diet goes on.
The dieting behaviour then becomes a private, secret affair, and the individual tries to convince others that she is eating, when in fact she is not. This may involve a lot of deceitful behaviour, such as throwing food away, slipping food off of a plate at mealtimes, or pretending to have eaten elsewhere.
A person developing anorexia will commonly develop rituals around food. This may consist of eating tiny portions of food at specific times of the day, eating the crusts of a sandwich but not the middle, cutting food into small pieces and eating them very slowly. One of the main rituals usually developed in anorexia is self-weighing. Many anorexics weigh themselves several times each day, fearing putting on even an ounce or gram.
Many people who become anorexic develop a compulsion to exercise as their illness progresses. This may take extreme forms such as waking early to do 300 press-ups or going for a 5 mile run. The individual may become an expert in how many calories are burned during an hour of any activity she does.
As the anorexia progresses, the sufferer becomes isolated in her own world. Extreme mood swings may occur. Social life is usually non existent, because of tiredness, depression or fear of situations where she may be forced to eat. All of her thoughts and feelings are centered around food and weight. The anorexic is now in a no-win situation. No matter how thin she is - it is never enough - and if she fails to lose weight, she feels as if she has gained it.
Denial
Anorexia could be called a 'disease of denial' because people with this eating disorder don't see themselves as thin - even though they usually are. Most people who suffer from anorexia feel fat - even when they are dangerously underweight. In denying the illness to others, the anorexic denies it to herself. So long as she is in control, nothing is wrong. The anorexic person will go to great lengths to avoid treatment - which she may see as a conspiracy to make her 'fat'.
It is important to understand that this denial is subconcious. The person suffering from anorexia is not deliberately lying - she genuinely believes that she does not have a problem. She simply cannot see it.
Consequences of Anorexia
Anorexia can cause serious medical problems. Experts estimate that up to 15% of sufferers die from the effects of malnutrition, usually as a result of heart failure, suicide or lack of resistance to illness. The physical effects of anorexia on the body are mostly connected with the effects of starvation. There is lowered resistance to illness, physical weakness, sensitivity to heat and cold and a tendency to bruise easily. Those suffering from anorexia experience digestive problems, as digestion slows up, such as feeling of bloated after eating even small amounts and constipation. Poor digestion may lead to food intolerance creating swelling of the stomach, face or ankles.
Extensive bone loss (osteoporosis) as a result of under nourishment can occur in the early stages of anorexia. There may be shrinkage of the reproductive organs in both men and women, and damage to areas of the brain which are responsible for endocrine production.
As weight is lost, depression sets in and the sufferer often feels intense guilt and anger. It's a vicious circle. Irrational thinking leads to a loss of weight, which starves the brain and produces more irrational thinking. Higher brain functions such as abstract reasoning will decline, and levels of concentration are reduced. This may make it difficult for a person with anorexia to read a book or keep up with a conversation. Where a very large proportion of weight is lost, there is emotional regression to a child-like state.
How it affects the family
Many parents of a child in the early stages of anorexia deny that anything is wrong, even when her behaviour gives rise to concern at school or in people who haven't seen her for a while. This may be because a person with anorexia can become an expert at hiding how much weight she has really lost, or it may be due to a family tendency to avoid discussing personal problems. Then, the parents begin to see that the individual is losing weight dramatically. Her rituals or changed eating habits are noticed. Initial concern quickly turns to real fear as parents see that their child has become apparently bent upon self destruction.
Arguments commonly develop within the family - all centred on the person with anorexia. This individual then becomes the centre of attention within the family, which can seriously affect relationships between other family members. Those suffering from anorexia are usually very good at controlling and manipulating the behaviour of other family members. They may often break promises or lie to themselves and to others about how much they will eat or have eaten. This will cause more friction within the family.
Family members often feel anger, fear, anxiety and helplessness, because they cannot control the behaviour of the person who is anorexic. There may be conflict between the parents as they accuse each other and disagree on methods of containing their child's irrational behaviour. The child with anorexia will usually be hostile to all efforts of her parents to help her.
Recovery
Anorexia is dangerous and it can be fatal. However, recovery is possible. The person suffering from anorexia needs to learn some new life skills, because it is usually the case that the only way an individual with anorexia is able to cope with unpleasant feelings or situations is to starve.
This section describes anorexia in a way that will be of interest both to someone suffering from anorexia and to those people who know someone who suffers. If you think that YOU may have anorexia, reading this page, will help you to understand what anorexia is all about.
What is it?
In simple terms, people with anorexia starve themselves to lose weight. The term 'Anorexia Nervosa' actually means 'appetite loss of nervous origins', indicating that this low food intake does not have a physical cause, but is due to emotional or psychological factors. Anorexia is associated with feelings and behaviours that are related to a fear of becoming 'fat' or 'overweight'. A person with anorexia is likely to have a distorted body image, fear of food in relation to its ability to create fatness, and an intense fear of being a normal body weight. Anorexic behaviours include eating only a minimal amount of food, 'burning up' calories by exercising, avoiding eating situations, or purging to reduce the amount of food digested.
It's important to understand that people with anorexia have not just lost their appetite. In fact, they may be very hungry indeed. An individual may think about food all the time and may even want to be close to it. Yet, in spite of feeling hungry, a person suffering from anorexia often has a great fear of allowing themselves to eat normally.
It is often difficult for people suffering from anorexia - and others - to understand that anorexic behaviour is not actually about food at all. The driving force behind anorexia is a deep anxiety that life is out of control - and a person may turn to the control of food and weight to gain some sense of control over his or her life. So anorexic behaviour is really an attempt to gain control over some aspect of an individuals' life, through control over food and eating. Although food is an important issue, like all eating disorders, anorexia is actually all about feelings and emotions
Why women?
Anorexia is predominantly a female condition (about 3% of women suffer from anorexia) - only one in every 50 sufferers are male. (For the sake of clarity only, we will refer to individuals in the rest of this page as female - although this is not always the case.) It typically begins in the adolescent girl at or just after puberty, although it can start at any age, even in pre-pubescent children. You may wonder why more women suffer from anorexia than do men? Well, anorexia can be thought of as a symptom of a distorted body image. By 'body image' we mean the way that we see our own bodies, which may be very different to the way that others see us, as our own body image is often different from the actual size and shape of our body. Generally, women are put under a lot more social pressure than are men in respect of their physical appearance, so a womans' body image can play a large role in determining her own sense of well-being.
In many modern societies, a primary ideal attribute for a woman is that of being 'thin'. Thin is seen as being 'beautiful' - and beautiful is seen as being 'good'. Consequently women - and particularly young women - driven by images used in the media, often use their own weight as a measure of their own self worth and attractiveness. Commonly, as a result of being unable to meet this unrealistic 'ideal', the individual female may end up feeling fat and inadequate. In turn, repeated failed attempts to meet the ideal criteria for physical appearance can lead to physical, psychological and behavioural problems, including binge eating, obsessions about food and eating disorders such as anorexia.
What happens
Typically a young person, most usually female, feels overweight. This may be because she is overweight, has gained a little more weight than average at puberty, or has slim friends with whom she compares herself. She decides to go on a diet - this may be triggered by something like a comment by a friend. The diet may go well at first, giving the young person a real sense of achievement at an otherwise insecure time of life. There may be approval from friends or family members, which is a positive form of attention. It's important to note that a person with anorexia did not start dieting with the intention of starving herself. She just may have felt that her life would be better if she lost a few pounds - which it may be for a while. However, with anorexia, at some point in the diet there is a subtle psychological change - which is not experienced by normal dieters - and dieting becomes more intense as the diet goes on.
The dieting behaviour then becomes a private, secret affair, and the individual tries to convince others that she is eating, when in fact she is not. This may involve a lot of deceitful behaviour, such as throwing food away, slipping food off of a plate at mealtimes, or pretending to have eaten elsewhere.
A person developing anorexia will commonly develop rituals around food. This may consist of eating tiny portions of food at specific times of the day, eating the crusts of a sandwich but not the middle, cutting food into small pieces and eating them very slowly. One of the main rituals usually developed in anorexia is self-weighing. Many anorexics weigh themselves several times each day, fearing putting on even an ounce or gram.
Many people who become anorexic develop a compulsion to exercise as their illness progresses. This may take extreme forms such as waking early to do 300 press-ups or going for a 5 mile run. The individual may become an expert in how many calories are burned during an hour of any activity she does.
As the anorexia progresses, the sufferer becomes isolated in her own world. Extreme mood swings may occur. Social life is usually non existent, because of tiredness, depression or fear of situations where she may be forced to eat. All of her thoughts and feelings are centered around food and weight. The anorexic is now in a no-win situation. No matter how thin she is - it is never enough - and if she fails to lose weight, she feels as if she has gained it.
Denial
Anorexia could be called a 'disease of denial' because people with this eating disorder don't see themselves as thin - even though they usually are. Most people who suffer from anorexia feel fat - even when they are dangerously underweight. In denying the illness to others, the anorexic denies it to herself. So long as she is in control, nothing is wrong. The anorexic person will go to great lengths to avoid treatment - which she may see as a conspiracy to make her 'fat'.
It is important to understand that this denial is subconcious. The person suffering from anorexia is not deliberately lying - she genuinely believes that she does not have a problem. She simply cannot see it.
Consequences of Anorexia
Anorexia can cause serious medical problems. Experts estimate that up to 15% of sufferers die from the effects of malnutrition, usually as a result of heart failure, suicide or lack of resistance to illness. The physical effects of anorexia on the body are mostly connected with the effects of starvation. There is lowered resistance to illness, physical weakness, sensitivity to heat and cold and a tendency to bruise easily. Those suffering from anorexia experience digestive problems, as digestion slows up, such as feeling of bloated after eating even small amounts and constipation. Poor digestion may lead to food intolerance creating swelling of the stomach, face or ankles.
Extensive bone loss (osteoporosis) as a result of under nourishment can occur in the early stages of anorexia. There may be shrinkage of the reproductive organs in both men and women, and damage to areas of the brain which are responsible for endocrine production.
As weight is lost, depression sets in and the sufferer often feels intense guilt and anger. It's a vicious circle. Irrational thinking leads to a loss of weight, which starves the brain and produces more irrational thinking. Higher brain functions such as abstract reasoning will decline, and levels of concentration are reduced. This may make it difficult for a person with anorexia to read a book or keep up with a conversation. Where a very large proportion of weight is lost, there is emotional regression to a child-like state.
How it affects the family
Many parents of a child in the early stages of anorexia deny that anything is wrong, even when her behaviour gives rise to concern at school or in people who haven't seen her for a while. This may be because a person with anorexia can become an expert at hiding how much weight she has really lost, or it may be due to a family tendency to avoid discussing personal problems. Then, the parents begin to see that the individual is losing weight dramatically. Her rituals or changed eating habits are noticed. Initial concern quickly turns to real fear as parents see that their child has become apparently bent upon self destruction.
Arguments commonly develop within the family - all centred on the person with anorexia. This individual then becomes the centre of attention within the family, which can seriously affect relationships between other family members. Those suffering from anorexia are usually very good at controlling and manipulating the behaviour of other family members. They may often break promises or lie to themselves and to others about how much they will eat or have eaten. This will cause more friction within the family.
Family members often feel anger, fear, anxiety and helplessness, because they cannot control the behaviour of the person who is anorexic. There may be conflict between the parents as they accuse each other and disagree on methods of containing their child's irrational behaviour. The child with anorexia will usually be hostile to all efforts of her parents to help her.
Recovery
Anorexia is dangerous and it can be fatal. However, recovery is possible. The person suffering from anorexia needs to learn some new life skills, because it is usually the case that the only way an individual with anorexia is able to cope with unpleasant feelings or situations is to starve.