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  1. #1
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    Default Oxandrolone~Anavar

    Anavar

    (Oxandrolone)

    by Bill Roberts - Oxandrolone (Anavar, Oxandrin), unlike most oral compounds is categorized as a Class I anabolic steroid, most efficiently stacked with Class II compounds such as Dianabol or Anadrol.

    It adds little if anything to high-dose use of Class I anabolic steroids such as trenbolone, or to high-dose testosterone, which is classified as having mixed activity. It can be an aid, albeit an expensive one, to moderate dose testosterone usage.


    Oxandrolone has often been called a weak steroid. Part of the reason for this is that use of a Class I steroid alone never is maximally effective. The other cause is that bodybuilders and authors in the field sometimes make unfortunate and unreasonable comparisons when judging anabolic steroids. If say 8 tablets per day does little, then a drug is pronounced useless or weak. And traditionally, oxandrolone was available in 2.5 mg Anavar tablets, proving only 20 mg daily with such usage, which totals to only 140 mg/week. For comparison, testosterone at that dose also gives little results. Indeed, few anabolic steroids give dramatic results at that dose, but they are not called weak on that account. The proper conclusion is that such Anavar tablets were individually weak, but not that the drug lacks potency.

    As higher-dose oxandrolone tablets have become available, the oxandrolone's reputation has improved. However, it still is not a particularly cost-effective Class I steroid, and if used alone cannot match the performance of a good stack.

    Pharmacologically, it has been found that oxandrolone binds weakly to the androgen receptor. This seems inconsistent with the Class I / Class II system, but it is what has been found. Perhaps it is the case that what occurs in the body is not the same as occurs in in vitro study, or perhaps there is another interesting phenomenon occurring.

    From the practical standpoint, however, oxandrolone's stacking behavior requires that it be classified as a Class I steroid: it combines synergistically with those categorized as Class II, but only additively with Class I compounds. From the practical standpoint, it is a rather potent drug – that is to say, it has good effectiveness per milligram. Stacked with a Class II steroid, oxandrolone is quite effective at only 75 mg/day, or even 50.

    Oxandrolone does not aromatize or convert to DHT, and has an 8 hour half-life. Thus, a moderate dose taken in the morning is largely out of the system by night, yet supplies reasonable levels of androgen during the day and early evening.

    One study found oxandrolone to be superior to testosterone and to nandrolone for reducing abdominal fat in men, or at least in obese older men at the specific low doses studied, which were not necessarily equipotent. From this, some have made broad generalizations to bodybuilding. However, this does not necessarily carry over to anabolic steroid cycles at doses commonly used in bodybuilding. In the case of the study in question, I expect the difference in outcomes was dose-related.
    In practice, at total androgen doses typically used, one can cut just as effectively without oxandrolone as with, given any of various possible substitutions for the oxandrolone. This is not to say this drug is ineffective, but rather that other androgens including testosterone are also effective at high dose for abdominal fat loss.

    In the case of low-dose use however, I do think it is a correct conclusion that for most, low dose oxandrolone use is more effective for cutting than equal dosages of most other anabolic steroids. This may be partly or entirely from additive effect with natural testosterone: such oxandrolone use may not suppress such its production, the user may enjoy both the full effect of his natural testosterone and the effect of the oxandrolone. In contrast, low-dose testosterone or nandrolone use results in substantial suppression of natural testosterone, and so there is less total effect.

    Oxandrolone, as with other 17-alkylated steroids, is hepatotoxic. At one time it was thought that it is not, but both clinical and practical experience with Oxandrin has shown that liver toxicity can indeed be an issue with prolonged use. I believe the usual principle of limiting 17-alkylated use to 6 weeks at a time should be applied when oxandrolone is used, just as with any alkylated oral.

    Trenbolone or Primobolan are suitable substitutes for oxandrolone, without the liver toxicity issues. As a substitute, Primobolan shares the property of being low-suppressive, while trenbolone does not.

    An interesting application of the drug that takes advantage of its oral administration is use as a morning-only bridging agent between cycles, which in my opinion should be done – if done – only after fully recovering normal testosterone production from the last cycle. At least 20 mg is usually acceptable in this application. Ideally, testosterone levels will be measured to monitor such bridging. A factor limiting to such bridging is the liver toxicity issue.

    With regard to use by women, while there is a common belief that oxandrolone is minimally virilizing to female, in fact virilization is not unusual at 20 mg/day and can occur at considerably lower doses than that. Even 5 mg/day is not side-effect-free for all.

    During a cycle, oxandrolone is not particularly recommended because there are more cost-efficient choices that will fully accomplish the same goals and do not add to liver toxicity.

    The two best uses for oxandrolone are in optional bridging periods
    between cycles, if such are employed, while keeping care to avoid excessive duration of continuous 17-alkylated use; and, if short-acting injectables are not available, to supplement cycles as levels fall between the time of last injection and the start of post-cycle therapy so that that time period can remain effective for gains.

    Oxandrolone is the chemical name of active ingredient in Oxandrin and Anavar. Anavar was originally the registered trademark of Searle Laboratories. Oxandrin is a registered trademark of Bio-Technology General Corp. in the United States and/or other countries.

    Anavar Resources
    Last edited by heavyiron; 02-03-2010 at 02:10 PM.


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  2. #2
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    Anavar dosing may be ideal at twice per day based on half life.

    In a single dose pharmacokinetic study of
    Oxandrin in elderly subjects, the mean
    elimination half-life was 13.3 hours. In a
    previous single dose pharmacokinetic study in
    younger volunteers, the mean elimination halflife
    was 10.4 hours. No significant differences
    between younger and elderly volunteers were
    found for time to peak, peak plasma
    concentration or AUC after a single dose of
    Oxandrin. The correlation between plasma level
    and therapeutic effect has not been defined.

    http://www.fda.gov/medwaTCH/SAFETY/2...xandrin_PI.pdf


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  3. #3
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    Willianl Llewellyn's' ANABOLICS, 9th edition

    Oxandrolone


    Androgenic 24
    Anabolic 322-630
    Standard Methyltestosterone (oral)
    Chemical Names 17b-hydroxy-17a-methyl-2-oxa-5aand
    rosta ne-3-one
    Estrogenic Activity none
    Progestational Activity none

    Description:
    Oxandrolone is an oral anabolic steroid derived from
    dihydrotestosterone.lt was designed to have a very strong
    separation of anabolic and androgenic effect, and no
    significant estrogenic or progestational activity.
    Oxandrolone is noted for being quite mild as far as oral
    steroids are concerned, well tailored for the promotion of
    strength and quality muscle tissue gains without
    significant side effects. Milligram for milligram it displays as
    much as six times the anabolic activity of testosterone in
    assays, with significantly less androgenicity. This drug is
    a favorite of dieting bodybuilders and competitive athletes
    in speed/anaerobic performance sports, where its
    tendency for pure tissue gain (without fat or water
    retention) fits well with the desired goals.

    History:
    Oxandrolone was first described in 1962.399 It was 'developed into a medicine several years later by pharmaceutical giant G.D. Searle & Co. (now Pfizer), which sold it in the United States and the Netherlands under the Anavar trade name. Searle also sold/licensed the drug under different trade names including Lonavar (Argentina, Australia), Lipidex (Brazil), Antitriol (Spain), Anatrophill (France), and Protivar. Oxandrolone was designed to be an extremely mild oral anabolic, one that could even be used safely by women and children. In this regard Searle seems to have succeeded, as Anavar has shown a high degree of therapeutic success and tolerability in men, women, and children alike. During its early years, Anavar had been offered for a number of therapeutic applications, including the promotion of lean tissue growth during catabolic illness, the promotion of lean tissue growth following surgery, trauma, infection, or prolonged corticosteroid administration, or the support of bone density in patients with osteoporosis.

    By the 1980's, the FDA had slightly refined the approved
    applications of oxandrolone to include the promotion of weight gain following surgery, chronic infection, trauma, or weight loss without definite pathophysiologic reason. In spite of its ongoing track record of safety, Searle decided to voluntarily discontinue the sale of Anavar on July 1, 1989. Lagging sales and growing public concern about the athletic use of anabolic steroids appeared to be at the root of this decision. With the Anavar brand off the market, oxandrolone had completely vanished from U.S. pharmacies. Soon after, oxandrolone products in international markets (often sold by or under license from Searle) began to disappear as well, as the leading global manufacturer of the drug continued its withdrawal from the anabolic steroid business. For several years during the early 1990's, it looked as if Anavar might be on its way out of commerce for good.

    It would be approximately six years before oxandrolone tablets would be back on the U.S. market. The product returned to pharmacy shelves in December 1995, this time under the Oxandrin name by Bio-Technology General Corp. (BTG). BTG would continue selling it for the FDA approved uses involving lean mass preservation, but had also been granted orphan-drug status for the treatment of AIDS wasting, alcoholic hepatitis, Turner's syndrome in girls, and constitutional delay of growth and puberty in boys. Orphan drug status gave BTG a 7-year monopoly on the drug for these new uses, allowing them to protect a very high selling price. Many patients were outraged to learn that the drug would cost them (at wholesale price) between $3.75 and $30 per day, which was many times more costly than Anavar had been just several years back. The release of a 10 mg tablet from BTG several years later did little to reduce the relative cost of the drug.

    Oxandrin® continues to be sold in the U.S., but is now under the Savient label (formerly known as BTG). It is currently approved by the FDA for "adjunctive therapy to promote weight gain after weight loss following extensive surgery, chronic infections, or severe trauma and in some patients who without definite pathophysiologic reasons fail to gain or to maintain normal weight, to offset the protein catabolism associated with prolonged administration of corticosteroids, and for the relief of the bone pain frequently accompanying osteoporosis." Savient remains heavily invested in Oxandrin, which as of 2005 accounted for 52% of its net sales. Generic versions of the drug are expected to be approved in the u.s. very shortly, however, and promise to reduce the price of oxandrolone therapy. Outside of the U.S., oxandrolone remains available, although not widely.
    How Supplied:
    Oxandrolone is available in select human drug markets. Composition and dosage may vary by country and manufacturer. The original Anavar brand contained 2.5 mg of steroid per tablet. Oxandrin contains 2.5 mg or 10 mg per tablet. Other modern brands commonly contain
    2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg of steroid per tablet.
    Structural Characteristics:
    Oxanclrolone is a modified form of dihydrotestosterone.lt differs by: 1) the addition of a methyl group at carbon 17alpha
    to protect the hormone during oral administration and 2) the substitution of carbon-2 in the A-ring with an oxygen atom. Oxandrolone is the only commercially available steroid with such a substitution to its basic ring structure, an alteration that considerably increases the anabolic strength of the steroid (partly by making it resistant to metabolism by 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle tissue).
    Side Effects (Estrogenic):
    Oxandrolone is not aromatized by the body, and is not measurably estrogenic. Oxandrolone also offers no related progestational activity.4oo An anti-estrogen is not necessary when using this steroid, as gynecomastia should not be a concern even among sensitive individuals. Since estrogen is the usual culprit with water retention, oxandrolone instead produces a lean, quality look to the physique with no fear of excess subcutaneous fluid retention. This makes it a favorable steroid to use during cutting cycles, when water and fat retention are major concerns. Oxandrolone is also very popular among athletes in strength/speed sports such as sprinting, swimming, and gymnastics. In such disciplines one usually does not want to carry around excess water weight, and may find the raw muscle-growth brought about by oxandrolone to be quite favorable over the lower quality mass gains of aromatizable agents.
    Side Effects (Androgenic):
    Although classified as an anabolic steroid,androgenic side effects are still possible with this substance. This may include bouts of oily skin, acne, and body/facial hair growth. Anabolic/androgenic steroids may also aggravate male pattern hair loss.Women are warned of the potential virilizing effects of anabolic/androgenic steroids. These may include a deepening of the voice, menstrual irregularities, changes in skin texture, facial hair growth, and clitoral enlargement. Oxandrolone is a steroid with low androgenic activity relative to its tissue-building actions, making the threshold for strong androgenic side effects comparably higher than with more androgenic agents such as testosterone, methandrostenolone, or fluoxymesterone.
    The low androgenic activity of oxandrolone is due in part to it being a derivative of dihydrotestosterone.This creates a less androgenic steroid because the agent lacks the capacity to interact with the 5-alpha reductase enzyme and convert to a more potent"di-hydro" form.This is unlike testosterone, which is several times more active it androgen responsive target tissues such as the scalp, skin and prostate (where 5-alpha reductase is present in high amounts) due to its conversion to DHT. In essence oxandrolone has a more balanced level of potency between muscle and androgenic target tissues. This is a similar situation as is noted with Primobolan and Winstrol which are also derived from dihydrotestosterone and not known to be very androgenic substances.
    Side Effects (Hepatotoxicity):
    Oxandrolone is a c17-alpha alkylated compound. The alteration protects the drug from deactivation by the liver allowing a very high percentage of the drug entry into the bloodstream following oral administration. C17-alpa alkylated anabolic/androgenic steroids can be hepatotoxic. Prolonged or high exposure may result in liver damage. In rare instances Iife-threatening dysfunction may develop. It is advisable to visit a physician periodically during each cycle to monitor liver function and overall health. Intake of c17-alpha alkylate steroids is commonly limited to 6-8 weeks, in an effort to avoid escalating liver strain.

    Oxandrolone appears to offer less hepatic stress than other c-17 alpha alkylated steroids. The manufacture identifies oxandrolone as a steroid that is not extensively metabolized by the liver like other 17-alpha alkylatel, orals, which may be a factor in its reduced hepatotoxicity This is evidenced by the fact that more than a third of the compound is still intact when excreted in the urine. Another study comparing the effects of oxandrolone to other alkylated agents including methyltestosterone norethandrolone, fluoxymesterone, and methandridione demonstrated that oxandrolone causes the lowest sulfobromophthalein (BSP; a marker of liver stress retention of the agents tested 20 mg of oxandrolone produced 72% less SSP retention than an equal dosage of fluoxymesterone, which is a considerable difference being that they are both 17-alpha alkylated.

    A more recent study looked at escalating doses (20 mg,40 mg,and 80 mg) of oxandrolone in 262 HIV+ men.The drug was administered for a period of 12 weeks. The group taking 20 mg of oxandrolone per day showed no statistically significant trends of hepatotoxicity in liver enzyme (AST/ALT; aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) values. Those men taking 40 mg noticed a mean increase of approximately 30-50% in liver enzyme values, while the group of men taking 80 mg noticed an approximate 50-100% increase. Approximately 10-11 % of the patients in the 40 mg group noticed World Health Organization grade III and IV toxicity according to AST and ALT values. This figure jumped to 15% in the 80 mg group. While serious hepatotoxicity cannot be excluded with oxandrolone, these studies do suggest that it is measurably safer than other alkylated agents.
    The use of a liver detoxification supplement such as Liver Stabil, Liv-52, or Essentiale Forte is advised while taking any hepatotoxic anabolic/androgenic steroids.
    Side Effects (Cardiovascular):
    Anabolic/androgenic steroids can have deleterious effects Ion serum cholesterol. This includes a tendency to reduce I HDL (good) cholesterol values and increase LCIL (bad) ,cholesterol values, which may shift the HDL to LDL "balance in a direction that favors greater risk of "arteriosclerosis. The relative impact of an anabolic/androgenic steroid on serum lipids is dependant 'on the dose, route of administration (oral vs. injectable), type of steroid (aromatizable or non-aromatizable), and the Ievel of resistance to hepatic metabolism. Oxandrolone has a strong effect on the hepatic management of cholesterol due to its structural resistance to liver breakdown, non-aromatizable nature, and route of administration. In the previously cited study in HIV+ males, 20 mg of oxandrolone daily for 12 weeks caused a mean serum HDL reduction of 30%. HDL values were suppressed 33% in the 40 mg group, and 50% in the 80 mg group. This was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in LDL values (approximately 30-33%) in the 40 mg and 80 mg groups, further increasing atherogenic risk. Anabolic/androgenic steroids may also adversely effect blood pressure and triglycerides, reduce endothelial relaxation, and support left ventricular hypertrophy, all potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction.

    At one time oxandrolone was looked at as a possible drug for those suffering from disorders of high cholesterol or triglycerides. Early studies showed it to be capable of lowering total cholesterol and triglyceride values in certain types of hyperlipidemic patients, which was thought to signify potential for this drug as a Iipidlowering agent. With further investigation it was found, however, that any lowering of total cholesterol values was accompanied by a redistribution in the ratio of good (HDL) to bad (LDL) cholesterol that favored greater atherogenic risk. This negates any positive effect this drug might have on triglycerides or total cholesterol, and actually makes it a potential danger in terms of cardiac risk, especially when taken for prolonged periods of time. Today we understand that as a group, anabolic/androgenic steroids tend to produce unfavorable changes in lipid profiles, and are really not useful in disorders of lipid metabolism. As an oral c17 alpha alkylated steroid, oxandrolone is even more risky to use in this regard than an esterified injectable such as a testosterone or nandrolone.

    To help reduce cardiovascular strain it is advised to maintain an active cardiovascular exercise program and minimize the intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, and simple carbohydrates at all times during active AAS administration. Supplementing with fish oils (4 grams per day) and a natural cholesterol/antioxidant formula such as Lipid Stabil or a product with comparable ingredients is also recommended.
    Side Effects (Testosterone Suppression):
    All anabolic/androgenic steroids when taken in doses sufficient to promote muscle gain are expected to suppress endogenous testosterone production. Oxandrolone is no exception. In the above-cited study on HIV+ males, twelve weeks of 20 mg or 40 mg per day caused an approximate 45% reduction in serum testosterone levels.The group taking 80 mg noticed a 66% decrease in testosterone. Similar trends of decrease were noticed in LH production, ,with the 20 mg and 40 mg doses causing a 25-30% reduction, and the 80 mg group noticing a decline of more than 50%. Additionally, studies on boys with constitutionally delayed puberty have demonstrated significant suppression of endogenous LH and testosterone with as little as 2.5 mg per day. Without the intervention of testosterone stimulating substances, testosterone levels should return to normal within 1-4 months of drug secession. Note that prolonged hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism can develop secondary to steroid abuse, necessitating medical intervention.
    The above side effects are not inclusive. For more detailed discussion of potential side effects, see the Steroid Side Effects section of this book.

    Administration (General):
    Studies have shown that taking an oral anabolic steroid with food may decrease its bioavailability. This is caused by the fat-soluble nature of steroid hormones, which can allow some of the drug to dissolve with undigested dietary fat, reducing its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. For maximum utilization, this steroid should be taken on an empty stomach.
    Administration (Men):
    The original prescribing guidelines for Anavar called for a daily dosage of between 2.5 mg and 20 mg per day (5-10 mg being most common). This was usually recommended for a period of two to four weeks, but occasionally it was taken for as long as three months. The dosing guidelines recommended with the current u.s. production form of the drug (Oxandrin, Savient Pharmaceuticals) also call for between 2.5 and 20 mg of drug per day, taken in intermittent cycles of 2 to 4 weeks. The usual dosage for physique-or performance-enhancing purposes is in the range of 15-25 mg per day, taken for 6 to 8 weeks. These protocols are not far removed from those of normal therapeutic situations.

    Oxandrolone is often combined with other steroids for a more dramatic result. For example, while bulking one might opt to add in 200-400 mg of a testosterone ester (cypionate, enanthate, or propionate) per week. The result should be a considerable gain in new muscle mass, with a more comfortable level of water and fat retention than if taking a higher dose of testosterone alone. For dieting phases, one might alternately combine oxandrolone with a non-aromatizing steroid such as 150 mg per week of a trenbolone ester or 200-300 mg of Primobolan® (methenolone enanthate). Such stacks are highly favored for increasing definition and muscularity. An in-between (lean mass gain) might be to add in 200-400 mg of a low estrogenic compound like Deca-Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate) or Equipoise® (boldenone undecylenate).
    Administration (Women):
    The original prescribing guidelines for Anavar did not offer separate dosing recommendations for women, although it was indicated that women who were pregnant, or may become pregnant, should not use the drug. The current guidelines for Oxandrin also do not make special dosing recommendations for women. Women who fear the masculinizing effects of many steroids would be quite comfortable using this drug, as these properties are very rarely seen with low doses. For physique-or performance-enhancing purposes, a daily dosage of 5-10 mg should illicit considerable growth without the noticeable androgenic side effects of other drugs. This would be taken for no longer than 4-6 weeks. Eager females may wish to add another mild anabolic such as Winstrol®, Primobolan® or Durabolin®. When combined with such anabolics, the user should notice faster, more pronounced muscle-building effects, but it may also increase the likelihood of seeing androgenic side effects (or hepatotoxicity in the case ofWinstrol).
    Availability:
    Oxandrolone has been limited in supply,and scarce on the black market, for many years now. There are a number of legitimate brands still made, however. Below are some of the more popular items on the black market.
    Atlantis (Mexico) produces an oxandrolone product called Xtendrol. lt carries 2.5 mg of steroid per tablet, and come in a box of 30 tablets each. This is a legitimate human-us, pharmaceutical company, with products sold through real pharmacies in Mexico.

    Bonavar from Body Research (Thailand) seems to be in production again. Be sure your product looks like the legitimate item in the product identification section, as counterfeits of the Body Research line are known to exist

    Oxandrolone is sold in the U.S. by Savient Pharmaceutical under the Oxandrin brand name. It comes in both 2.5 m and 10 mg tablet strengths. High price at the pharmacy precludes any reasonable entry into the black market.That would be a high-risk item regardless, as real u.s. steroids rarely circulate the black market.

    Balkan Pharmaceuticals in Moldova produces a oxandrolone product called Oxandrolon. It comes packaged in foil and plastic strips of 20 tablets each Counterfeits have not yet been a problem.

    Oxandroland frm Landerlan in Paraguay is a common product in recent years, especially throughout South America. It comes in bottles of 100 tablets each.

    Xenion Pharma Co. in Myanmar produces an oxandrolone product called Oxanol. lt carries 5 mg of steroid per table and comes 60 tabs to a box.The pills themselves are white in color, and are imprinted with the characters "OXA 5.0 on one side and the company logo on the reverse. Twenty tablets are sealed in each foil and plastic strip.


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  4. #4
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    A randomized, controlled trial of treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with parenteral nutrition and oxandrolone.

    I. Short-term effects on liver function.

    Bonkovsky HL, Fiellin DA, Smith GS, Slaker DP, Simon D, Galambos JT.

    Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

    The present studies were designed to provide careful measures of effects of oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, intravenous nutritional supplementation, and the combination of these two treatments on liver functions, metabolic balances, nitrogen metabolism, and nutritional status in patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis. Of 43 patients originally recruited, 39 (19 men, 20 women) with typical clinical and laboratory features of alcoholic hepatitis (11 Child's-Pugh class B; 28 class C) were admitted to a metabolic unit and completed a 35-day three-phase protocol. Phase I was a 10-day baseline period of observation, during which routine and special quantitative tests of liver function (galactose and antipyrine metabolism), a 7-day elemental balance study, and a 15N, 13C-leucine metabolism study were done. Phase II was a 21-day treatment period during which patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four regimens: 1) standard therapy, consisting of abstinence, a balanced, nutritionally adequate diet, and multivitamins; 2) oxandrolone (20 mg orally four times a day) plus standard therapy; 3) nutritional supplementation, consisting of 2 L daily of 3.5% crystalline amino acids (in 5% dextrose), given by peripheral vein; or 4) a combination of oxandrolone and nutritional supplementation, along with standard therapy. Metabolic balances were repeated during phase II. Phase III was 2 or 3 days posttreatment, during which special studies of liver functions and volumes and leucine metabolism were repeated. All patients who completed phase I of study and were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups completed the subsequent two phases. Overall, with time, patients showed highly significant improvements in most clinical and laboratory features. For most standard laboratory tests (e.g., serum albumin, transferrin, prothrombin time) improvements were more marked in patients treated with nutritional supplementation and/or oxandrolone than in those given standard therapy alone. Liver volumes fell in all treatment groups, with greater improvement in those treated with nutritional supplementation. Improvements in galactose and antipyrine metabolism rates were significant only in those treated with nutritional supplementation or oxandrolone. Effects of treatments on metabolic balances, nitrogen metabolism, and measures of nutrition are described in this issue in a companion paper. We conclude that the addition of nutritional supplementation and oxandrolone to standard therapy of moderately severe or severe alcoholic hepatitis is well tolerated, and leads to more rapid improvement in the laboratory parameters measured.


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  5. #5
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    Oral anabolic steroid treatment, but not parenteral androgen treatment, decreases abdominal fat in obese, older men.

    Lovejoy JC, Bray GA, Greeson CS, Klemperer M, Morris J, Partington C, Tulley R.
    Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808-4124, USA.

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of testosterone enanthate (TE), anabolic steroid (AS) or placebo (PL) on regional fat distribution and health risk factors in obese middle-aged men undergoing weight loss by dietary means.

    DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, carried out for 9 months with primary assessments at 3 month intervals. Due to adverse blood lipid changes, the AS group was switched from oral oxandrolone (ASOX) to parenteral nandrolone decaoate (ASND) after the 3 month assessment point.

    SUBJECTS: Thirty healthy, obese men, aged 40-60 years, with serum testosterone (T) levels in the low-normal range (2-5 ng/mL).

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Abdominal fat distribution and thigh muscle volume by CT scan, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), insulin sensitivity by the Minimal Model method, blood lipids, blood chemistry, blood pressure, thyroid hormones and urological parameters.

    RESULTS: After 3 months, there was a significantly greater decrease in subcutaneous (SQ) abdominal fat in the ASOX group compared to the TE and PL groups although body weight changes did not differ by treatment group. There was also a tendency for the ASOX group to exhibit greater losses in visceral fat, and the absolute level of visceral fat in this group was significantly lower at 3 months than in the TE and PL groups. There were significant main effects of treatment at 3 months on serum T and free T (increased in the TE group and decreased in the ASOX group) and on thyroid hormone parameters (T4 and T3 resin uptake significantly decreased in the ASOX group compared with the other two groups). There was a significant decrease in HDL-C, and increase in LDL-C in the ASOX group, which led to their being switched to the parenteral nandrolone decanoate (ASND) after 3 months. ASND had opposite effects on visceral fat from ASOX, producing a significant increase from 3 to 9 months while continuing to decrease SQ abdominal fat. ASND treatment also decreased thigh muscle area, while ASOX treatment increased high muscle. ASND reversed the effects of ASOX on lipoproteins and thyroid hormones. The previously reported effect of T to decrease visceral fat was not observed, in fact, visceral fat in the TE group increased slightly from 3 to 9 months, although SQ fat continued to decrease. Neither TE nor AS treatment resulted in any change in urologic parameters.

    CONCLUSIONS: Oral oxandrolone decreased SQ abdominal fat more than TE or weight loss alone and also tended to produce favorable changes in visceral fat. TE and ASND injections given every 2 weeks had similar effects to weight loss alone on regional body fat. Most of the beneficial effects observed on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors were due to weight loss per se. These results suggest that SQ and visceral abdominal fat can be independently modulated by androgens and that at least some anabolic steroids are capable of influencing abdominal fat.

    PMID: 8574271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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  6. #6
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    Effects of androgen therapy on adipose tissue and metabolism in older men.

    Schroeder ET, Zheng L, Ong MD, Martinez C, Flores C, Stewart Y, Azen C, Sattler FR.
    Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.

    We investigated the effects of oxandrolone on regional fat compartments and markers of metabolism. Thirty-two 60- to 87-yr-old men (body mass index, 28.1 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2)) were randomized to oxandrolone (20 mg/d; n = 20) or matching placebo (n = 12) treatment for 12 wk. Oxandrolone reduced total (-1.8 +/- 1.0 kg; P < 0.001), trunk (-1.2 +/- 0.6 kg; P < 0.001), and appendicular (-0.6 +/- 0.6 kg; P < 0.001) fat, as determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The changes in total and trunk fat were greater (P < 0.001) than the changes with placebo. By magnetic resonance imaging, visceral adipose tissue decreased (-20.9 +/- 12 cm(2); P < 0.001), abdominal sc adipose tissue (SAT) declined (-10.7 +/- 12.1 cm(2); P = 0.043), the ratio VAT/SAT declined from 0.57 +/- 0.23 to 0.49 +/- 0.19 (P = 0.002), and proximal and distal thigh SC fat declined [-8.3 +/- 6.7 cm(2) (P < 0.001) and -2.2 +/- 3.0 kg (P = 0.004), respectively]. Changes in proximal and distal thigh SC fat with oxandrolone were different than with placebo (P = 0.018 and P = 0.059). A marker of insulin sensitivity (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) improved with oxandrolone by 0.0041 +/- 0.0071 (P = 0.018) at study wk 12. Changes in total fat, abdominal SAT, and proximal extremity SC fat were correlated with changes in fasting insulin from baseline to study wk 12 (r >or= 0.45; P < 0.05). Losses of total fat and SAT were greater in men with baseline testosterone of 10.4 nmol/liter or less (<or= 300 ng/dl) than in those with higher levels [-2.5 +/- 1.1 vs. -1.5 +/- 0.8 kg (P = 0.036) and -24.1 +/- 14.3 vs. -2.9 +/- 21.3 cm(2) (P = 0.03), respectively]. Twelve weeks after discontinuing oxandrolone, 83% of the reductions in total, trunk, and extremity fat by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning were sustained (P < 0.02). Androgen therapy, therefore, produced significant and durable reductions in regional abdominal and peripheral adipose tissue that were associated with improvements in estimates of insulin sensitivity. However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by -0.49 +/- 0.21 mmol/liter and directly measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 0.57 +/- 0.67 mmol/liter and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 0.54 +/- 0.97 mmol/liter (P < 0.03 for each) during treatment with oxandrolone; these changes were largely reversible. Thus, therapy with an androgen that does not adversely affect lipids may be beneficial for some components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight older men with low testosterone levels.

    PMID: 15472177 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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  7. #7
    Chemistry Experiment heavyiron's Avatar
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    The effects of oxandrolone and exercise on muscle mass and function in children with severe burns.

    Przkora R, Herndon DN, Suman OE.
    Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815 Market St, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.

    OBJECTIVES: Severe burns are associated with a significant loss of muscle and strength. Studies have reported that oxandrolone improves lean body mass in muscle-wasting conditions. Also shown previously in burned children is that an exercise program increases lean body mass and muscle strength. We hypothesized that oxandrolone, in combination with exercise, would increase lean body mass and muscle strength in severely burned children more than oxandrolone alone or exercise alone.

    METHODS AND PATIENTS: Fifty-one burned children (> or = 40% total body surface area burned) were randomly assigned to receive oxandrolone alone (0.1 mg/kg per day orally; n = 9), oxandrolone and exercise (n = 14), placebo and no exercise (n = 11), or placebo and exercise (n = 17). Administration of oxandrolone was started at discharge and continued until 1 year after burn. The 12-week exercise training program was started 6 months after burn. Serum hormones, lean body mass, muscle strength, and peak cardiopulmonary capacity were assessed at 6 (baseline) and 9 months after burn. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance, and significance was set at P < .05.

    RESULTS: The mean percentage of change or increase in weight and lean body mass in the oxandrolone and exercise group was significant compared with placebo and exercise, as well as with the oxandrolone alone group or placebo and no exercise group. Furthermore, lean body mass was significantly improved in the oxandrolone and exercise, oxandrolone alone, and placebo and exercise group compared with the group only receiving placebo. Muscle strength significantly increased in oxandrolone and exercise, placebo and exercise, and the oxandrolone alone group when compared with the placebo and no exercise group. The peak cardiopulmonary capacity was significantly higher in both exercise groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was significantly increased in the oxandrolone alone group compared with placebo and exercise and placebo and no exercise. Both exercise groups showed significant changes in insulin-like binding-protein-3 when compared with groups without exercise.

    CONCLUSIONS: Oxandrolone, in combination with exercise, is beneficial in severely burned children, thus improving their rehabilitation.

    PMID: 17130281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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  8. #8
    Super Moderator sassy69's Avatar
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    Women & Anavar
    *Note: * caveat about this is general information & not medical recommendations *

    Overview
    Anavar is the preferred and most commonly recommended cycle for beginners and for women looking for a "fitness girl look" versus a bodybuilder look. The sides are generally the most predictable and mild of all the AAS available, while producing good quality and maintainable results. Anavar does not aromatize so there is little or no water retention due to converted estrogen.

    Typical Use
    Anavar is probably the most commonly used AAS by women, for physique competition or by women who "want to go to the next level". It might be used by figure competitors for off-season building with an appropriate diet, or during contest prep for cutting, preservation of muscle during a cutting diet, and improved recovery.

    Anavar promotes lean muscle mass with minimal sides and occasional water retention. It is a oral steroid, though used in small enough doses that its impact on the liver is minimal for women. It is also attractive to women and beginners who are not interested in dealing with needles. The predictable and minimal sides are also attractive points to those not wanting to deal with the more individual and androgenic sides of most other AAS.

    Typical Cycle
    Dose: 10 mg / day - split the dose 1/2 in the AM, 1/2 in the PM
    Duration: 10-14 weeks
    No need to taper down the dose or follow with post cycle therapy (PCT).
    Generally suggested to start the cycle at 5 mg / day (splitting doses as above) for the first 10-14 days to identify any adverse reaction. After that time, can increase to 10 mg / day.
    Suggested maximum dose is 20 mg / day (though more is not better - often 10 mg is sufficient). As the dose increases, sides may increase and results don't necessarily increase. Anecdotally, if the cycler is interested in going to doses above 20 mg, the sides become comparable with those of more aggressive AAS, such that it might actually be better to go to one of those compounds for better results.

    Typical Sides
    - interrupted period / flow - may take a few months for the flow to come back as normal. (This is common for most any AAS.)
    - may still experience usual menstrual sides (cramps, bloating, etc.) on your regular menstrual schedule
    - mild acne
    - oily hair
    - some experience water retention (though not due to aromatization)
    - may cause vaginosis / yeast infection (most any AAS has this potential)
    "The only way you can hurt the body is not use it. Inactivity is the killer and, remember, it's never too late."
    ~Jack Lalanne



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