Results 1 to 5 of 5
  1. #1
    MUSCLEHEAD GaryGranaas's Avatar
    Join Date
    Sep 2009
    Posts
    537
    Rep Power
    21143

    Default Peptide Explained

    A peptide is an amino chain responsible for signalling different responses in the body. These amino chains already exist in the body and that is the good thing about peptides. There are different classes of peptides according to the number sequence that I will have explained in the below article. Certain sequences are considered a PROTEIN such as HGH (Human Growth Hormone) that is 191aa. Insulin is actually an amino sequence considered a PROTEIN as well. Below is a statement from Wikipedia for reference. Notice below mentions a "Peptide Fragment". This can be exampled to the product "HGH frag" that is the isolated amino chain "176-191" that is the chain responsible for the diuretic effects of Human Growth Hormone (HGH).


    Peptides (from the Greek πεπτός, "digested" from πέσσειν "to digest") are short polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They have the same peptide bonds as those in proteins, but are commonly shorter in length. The shortest peptides are dipeptides, consisting of two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond. There can also be tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, etc. Peptides have an amino end and a carboxyl end, unless they are [ame="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_peptide"]c[/ame]yclic peptides. A polypeptide is a single linear chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds. Protein molecules consist of one or more polypeptides put together typically in a biologically functional way and sometimes have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors.

    Definitions

    One definition is that those chains that are short enough to be made synthetically from the constituent amino acids are called peptides rather than proteins. However, with the advent of better synthetic techniques, peptides as long as hundreds of amino acids can be made, including full proteins like ubiquitin. Native chemical ligation has given access to even longer proteins, so this convention seems to be outdated.
    Another definition places an informal dividing line at approximately 50 amino acids in length (some people claim shorter lengths). This definition is somewhat arbitrary. Long peptides, such as the amyloid beta peptide linked to Alzheimer's disease, can be considered proteins; and small proteins, such as insulin, can be considered peptides.





    Peptide classes

    Here are the major classes of peptides, according to how they are produced:
    Milk peptides Milk peptides are formed from milk proteins by enzymatic breakdown by digestive enzymes or by the proteinases formed by lactobacilli during the fermentation of milk. Several milk peptides have been shown to have antihypertensive effects in animal and in clinical studies (see also Lactotripeptides). Ribosomal peptides Ribosomal peptides are synthesized by translation of mRNA. They are often subjected to proteolysis to generate the mature form. These function, typically in higher organisms, as hormones and signaling molecules. Some organisms produce peptides as antibiotics, such as microcins.[1] Since they are translated, the amino acid residues involved are restricted to those utilized by the ribosome. However, these peptides frequently have posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, hydroxylation, sulfonation, palmitylation, glycosylation and disulfide formation. In general, they are linear, although lariat structures have been observed.[2] More exotic manipulations do occur, such as racemization of L-amino acids to D-amino acids in platypus venom.[3] Nonribosomal peptides These peptides are assembled by enzymes that are specific to each peptide, rather than by the ribosome. The most common non-ribosomal peptide is glutathione, which is a component of the antioxidant defenses of most aerobic organisms.[4] Other nonribosomal peptides are most common in unicellular organisms, plants, and fungi and are synthesized by modular enzyme complexes called nonribosomal peptide synthetases.[5] These complexes are often laid out in a similar fashion, and they can contain many different modules to perform a diverse set of chemical manipulations on the developing product.[6] These peptides are often cyclic and can have highly-complex cyclic structures, although linear nonribosomal peptides are also common. Since the system is closely related to the machinery for building fatty acids and polyketides, hybrid compounds are often found. The presence of oxazoles or thiazoles often indicates that the compound was synthesized in this fashion.[7] Peptones See also Tryptone Peptones are derived from animal milk or meat digested by proteolytic digestion. In addition to containing small peptides, the resulting spray-dried material includes fats, metals, salts, vitamins and many other biological compounds. Peptone is used in nutrient media for growing bacteria and fungi.[8] Peptide fragments Peptide fragments refer to fragments of proteins that are used to identify or quantify the source protein.[9] Often these are the products of enzymatic degradation performed in the laboratory on a controlled sample, but can also be forensic or paleontological samples that have been degraded by natural effectsReference:
    [ame]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide[/ame]

  2. #2
    MUSCLEHEAD GaryGranaas's Avatar
    Join Date
    Sep 2009
    Posts
    537
    Rep Power
    21143

    Default

    • A polypeptide is a single linear chain of amino acids.
    • A protein is one or more polypeptides more than about 50 amino acids long.
    • An oligopeptide or (simply) a peptide is a polypeptide less than 30-50 amino acids long.
    • A dipeptide has two amino acids.
    • A tripeptide has three amino acids.
    • A tetrapeptide has four amino acids.
    • A pentapeptide has five amino acids.
    • An octapeptide has eight amino acids (e.g., angiotensin II).
    • A nonapeptide has nine amino acids (e.g., oxytocin).
    • A decapeptide has ten amino acids (e.g., gonadotropin-releasing hormone & angiotensin I).
    • A neuropeptide is a peptide that is active in association with neural tissue.
    • A peptide hormone is a peptide that acts as a hormone.
    • A proteose is a mixture of peptides produced by the hydrolysis of proteins. The term is somewhat archaic.



    Referenence:

    [ame]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide[/ame]

  3. #3
    OLYMPIAN s2h's Avatar
    Join Date
    Feb 2009
    Posts
    16,860
    Rep Power
    2148230

    Default

    let me go find my concerta..i want to read this..

  4. #4
    RX MEMBER
    Join Date
    Aug 2014
    Location
    UK and Bulgaria
    Posts
    3
    Rep Power
    0

    Default

    I've been using peptides for 7 years on and off. I even sell them now but I won't plug that here. I find them far better for repairing and healing damaged muscles fast rather than for building muscle mass.
    Great forum by the way!

  5. #5
    RX MEMBER
    Join Date
    May 2012
    Location
    Adelaide
    Posts
    1
    Rep Power
    0

    Default

    Gday mate, Re PEPTIDE ANASTROZOLE.... Im on TRT doses of Sus250 prescribed by my GP but I self administer intra-muscular 1ml every 14 days. At my age it helps me atleast maintain my gains and then some but I have trouble with hi estrogen levels. My Doc will not prescribe Arimadex or other AI's as he says not therapeutic for TRT. I think thats BS!! but cant argue as the Sus scripts are always honored.

    I have been a bodybuilder for years but have become a paraplegic from car accident and now Im looking into the masters WCBB or any comps I can get into .

    My reason for writing is I have a peptide ANASTROZOLE from purchase peptides . I have no idea what dose and if there are sides I need be concerned about? When I read the label and it says NOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION and it listed off side affects that sounded pretty grim, I am now damn skeptical to use it. I guess if i can get piece of mind from someone on this particular peptide from the same company and what a low starting does would be i would give it a go.

    Hope you can help me .

    Really appreciate your time .

    cheers Wheelmuscle Australia

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •  

X vBulletin 4.2.3 Debug Information

  • Page Generation 0.14425 seconds
  • Memory Usage 6,931KB
  • Queries Executed 27 (?)
More Information
Template Usage (39):
  • (1)SHOWTHREAD
  • (1)ad_footer_end
  • (1)ad_footer_start
  • (1)ad_global_above_footer
  • (1)ad_global_below_navbar
  • (1)ad_global_header1
  • (1)ad_global_header2
  • (1)ad_navbar_below
  • (1)ad_showthread_firstpost_sig
  • (1)ad_showthread_firstpost_start
  • (1)ad_thread_first_post_content
  • (1)ad_thread_last_post_content
  • (4)block_html
  • (1)block_threads
  • (1)facebook_footer
  • (1)facebook_header
  • (1)facebook_likebutton
  • (1)facebook_opengraph
  • (1)footer
  • (1)forumjump
  • (1)forumrules
  • (1)gobutton
  • (1)header
  • (1)headinclude
  • (1)headinclude_bottom
  • (5)memberaction_dropdown
  • (1)navbar
  • (5)navbar_link
  • (1)navbar_noticebit
  • (1)navbar_tabs
  • (3)option
  • (5)postbit_legacy
  • (5)postbit_onlinestatus
  • (5)postbit_wrapper
  • (3)showthread_bookmarksite
  • (1)sidebarext_temp
  • (1)spacer_close
  • (1)spacer_open
  • (1)tagbit_wrapper 

Phrase Groups Available (6):
  • global
  • inlinemod
  • postbit
  • posting
  • reputationlevel
  • showthread
Included Files (37):
  • ./showthread.php
  • ./global.php
  • ./includes/class_bootstrap.php
  • ./includes/init.php
  • ./includes/class_core.php
  • ./includes/config.php
  • ./includes/functions.php
  • ./includes/functions_navigation.php
  • ./includes/class_friendly_url.php
  • ./includes/class_hook.php
  • ./includes/class_bootstrap_framework.php
  • ./vb/vb.php
  • ./vb/phrase.php
  • ./includes/class_facebook.php
  • ./includes/facebook/facebook.php
  • ./includes/facebook/base_facebook.php
  • ./includes/functions_facebook.php
  • ./includes/functions_bigthree.php
  • ./includes/class_postbit.php
  • ./includes/class_bbcode.php
  • ./includes/functions_reputation.php
  • ./includes/class_block.php
  • ./includes/block/html.php
  • ./vb/context.php
  • ./vb/cache.php
  • ./vb/cache/db.php
  • ./vb/cache/observer/db.php
  • ./vb/cache/observer.php
  • ./includes/functions_notice.php
  • ./includes/block/threads.php
  • ./packages/vbattach/attach.php
  • ./vb/types.php
  • ./packages/skimlinks/hooks/postbit_display_complete.php
  • ./packages/skimlinks/hooks/showthread_complete.php
  • ./mobiquo/smartbanner.php
  • ./mobiquo/include/classTTConnection.php
  • ./mobiquo/smartbanner/head.inc.php 

Hooks Called (76):
  • init_startup
  • database_pre_fetch_array
  • database_post_fetch_array
  • friendlyurl_resolve_class
  • global_bootstrap_init_start
  • global_bootstrap_init_complete
  • cache_permissions
  • fetch_postinfo_query
  • fetch_postinfo
  • fetch_threadinfo_query
  • fetch_threadinfo
  • fetch_foruminfo
  • load_show_variables
  • load_forum_show_variables
  • global_state_check
  • global_bootstrap_complete
  • global_start
  • style_fetch
  • global_setup_complete
  • showthread_start
  • cache_templates
  • cache_templates_process
  • template_register_var
  • template_render_output
  • fetch_template_start
  • fetch_template_complete
  • friendlyurl_clean_fragment
  • friendlyurl_geturl
  • fb_canonical_url
  • fb_opengraph_array
  • parse_templates
  • fetch_musername
  • notices_check_start
  • notices_noticebit
  • process_templates_complete
  • showthread_getinfo
  • strip_bbcode
  • forumjump
  • friendlyurl_redirect_canonical
  • showthread_post_start
  • showthread_query_postids
  • showthread_query
  • bbcode_fetch_tags
  • bbcode_create
  • showthread_postbit_create
  • postbit_factory
  • postbit_display_start
  • reputation_power
  • reputation_image
  • postbit_imicons
  • bbcode_parse_start
  • bbcode_parse_complete_precache
  • bbcode_parse_complete
  • postbit_display_complete
  • memberaction_dropdown
  • tag_fetchbit_complete
  • forumrules
  • showthread_bookmarkbit
  • navbits
  • navbits_complete
  • build_navigation_data
  • build_navigation_array
  • check_navigation_permission
  • process_navigation_links_start
  • process_navigation_links_complete
  • set_navigation_menu_element
  • build_navigation_menudata
  • build_navigation_listdata
  • build_navigation_list
  • set_navigation_tab_main
  • set_navigation_tab_fallback
  • navigation_tab_complete
  • fb_publish_checkbox
  • fb_like_button
  • showthread_complete
  • page_templates